在与他人交流时，双语者可能会仅使用一种语言，也可能会根据自己意愿交替使用两种语言。无论哪种情况，他们很少会错误的使用非目标语言，并且很容易理解切换了语言的语句，在语言表达和理解方面都表现出强大的语言控制能力。单独对语言表达或理解进行的研究表明，双语者在这两个过程中依赖不同的的语言控制机制。然而，在现实生活中（例如在对话中），双语者常在在理解和表达任务之间来回切换。在这种情况下，他们可能会在这两类任务中使用一种共同的机制来提高语言加工的效率。本次介绍的几项研究着重探讨了双语者在不同情况下如何在语言理解和表达任务中适应性地控制两种语言。

When communicating with others, bilinguals may stick to one language or alternate two languages at will. In either case, they rarely produce the unintended language by accident and easily follow language switches, showing remarkable language control abilities in both language production and comprehension. Studies on language switching within production or comprehension suggested that bilinguals rely on different and separate language control mechanisms in these two processes. Nevertheless, it is common that bilinguals alternate between comprehension and production in real life (e.g., in a conversation), and in this situation they may use a shared mechanism across these two processes to improve language processing proficiency. In this talk, I will introduce several studies that addressed how bilinguals adaptively control languages across comprehension and production in various contexts.

Relying on labor unrest as a shock to local social stability, we show that state-owned enterprises (SOEs) react to nearby unrest by creating additional employment at the expense of productivity. Such effect is larger when labor unrest is in the exposed SOEs’ industries, local fiscal budgets are solid, governing mayors are better incentivized, and local private sectors grow slower. SOEs obtain more fiscal benefits. Contrarily, non-SOEs do not react to labor unrest, and their performance is unaffected. Various tests mitigate the selection effects of labor unrest. Aggregated results show SOEs can alleviate adverse economic and social impacts of labor unrest.

上外“跨、通、融”研究生教育质量提升系列讲座由研究生院主办，汇集国内外知名专家学者，共设有“科学与学术研究方法”“区域国别研究”“科技前沿与未来发展”三大主题。该系列讲座旨在提高我校研究生的学术水平和科研能力，彰显区域国别研究学科内涵，与科技前沿和未来发展同频共振，提升我校研究生的竞争力、发展力、持续力，助力研究生把握主动，赢得未来。

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