英国研究中心系列讲座第60讲
英国脱欧是当前欧洲发生的一件影响深刻的大事,它甚至影响到整个世界的政治格局。在英国经历多年来内心的痛苦纠结后,终于在今年的脱欧公投中选择离开欧盟,英国重新找回了国家主权,国内外大事完全由英国议会进行决定,而非由欧洲议会决定。英欧之间关于脱欧事宜的谈判面临诸多难题,英国国内问题复杂,脱欧程序繁琐,而且英国开创的脱欧先例会影响今后的欧盟实践,因此双方迅速达成协定的可能性不大。然而,欧盟法律规定谈判只有两年时间,英欧必须在规定时间内完成这一谈判。谈判之后,英欧关系会以何种模式出现,这是无法预料之事。就现有挪威、瑞士、加拿大三种模式来看,它们都不适合未来的英欧关系,英欧之间需要建立一种新的英国模式。在英欧关系发生重大变化的时代,中国应同时加强对英和对欧关系。此外,除了巩固现有的经贸关系外,中国还需积极与英欧之间建立诸如政治、人权、军事等领域的对话机制,以消除长久以来由于观念差异产生的误解,从而促进中英“黄金”关系、中欧关系的健康发展。
参考书目:
1. Stanley Hoffmann, “Obstinate or Obsolete? The Fate of the Nation-State and the Case of Western Europe”, Daedalus, Vol. 95, No. 3, 1966, p. 882.
2. Stephen Wall, A Stranger in Europe: Britain and the EU from Thatcher to Blair, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008, p. 46.
3. “Michael Gove: Boris Johnson wasn't up to the job”, BBC News, 30 June 2016.
4. “Theresa May's Cabinet reshuffle: First day as new Prime Minister begins with removal of Cameron's allies”, The Independent, 15 July 2016.
5. “E-petition 131215 relating to EU referendum rules”, House of Commons Library.
6. “EU Referendum Rules”, House of Commons Hansard, 5 September 2016.
7. “Sturgeon: Second independence referendum could be next year”, BBC News, 17 July 2016.
8. The Scottish Government, “Consultation on a Draft Referendum Bill”, October 2016.
9. 《里斯本条约》,参见http://www.lisbon-treaty.org/wcm.
10. Dave Burke, “Marine Le Pen promises a Frexit referendum if she becomes French president - and declares Brexit as 'the end of the EU',” Daily Mail, 14 September 2016.
11. Allan Hall, “Right-wing Dutch politician shock claim: Holland needs EU vote to 'prevent Islamisation'”, The Express, 4 July 2016.
12. “Italy’s referendum is 'not like Brexit': Renzi”, The Local, 12 July 2016.
13. 冯仲平:《英国脱欧及其对中国的影响》,《现代国际关系》2016年第7期。